GBL

what is gbl

γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) gbl drug  is a hygroscopic colorless, water-miscible liquid with a weak characteristic odor. It is the simplest 4-carbon lactone. It is mainly used as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, e.g. methyl-2-pyrrolidone. In humans GBL acts as a prodrug for γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), and it is used as a recreational CNS depressant with effects similar to those of barbiturates

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Occurrence

GBL has been found in extracts from samples of unadulterated wines. This finding indicates that GBL is a naturally occurring component in some wines and may be present in similar products. The concentration detected was approximately 5 μg/mL and was easily observed using a simple extraction technique followed by GC/MS analysis. GBL can be found in cheese flavourings but typically results in a content of 0.0002% GBL in the final foodstuff.

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Secondly, γ-Butyrolactone is produce in the industry with 1,4-school dehydrogenation at 180-300 ° C and atmospheric pressure in the presence of a copper catalyst. Dehydrocesikrisisasi 1.4-schoolediol to form γ-butyrolactone in front of the copper catalyst. The results of this process are around 95%. Purification takes place with liquid phase extraction.

In the laboratory, it can also be obtain through oxidation of tetrahydrofuran (THF), for example with watery sodium bromat. The alternative route took place from GABA using the Sandmeyer reaction.

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Recreational drug

GBL is a prodrug of GHB and its recreational use comes entirely as a result of this. GBL overdose can cause irrational behaviour, severe sickness, coma and death.

To bypass GHB restriction laws, home synthesis kits were introduced to transform GBL and/or 1,4-B into GHB.

Jugs of seized GBL

FDA warning against products containing GHB and its prodrugs, such as GBL

GBL has a distinctive taste and odour, described as being comparable to stale water, synthetic melon aroma or burnt plastic. This differs significantly from GHB, which is described as having a decidedly “salty” taste.

Due to the fact that those with limited chemistry knowledge can make GBL with easy-to-get precursors, it has become quite popular among young people in French nightclubs.

Dangers gbl drug

If taken undiluted by mouth, GBL can cause esophageal and gastro-intestinal irritation. It is possible for oral ingestion of GBL to cause nausea and other similar problems, possibly more so than with GHB.

GHB has biphasic effects, an euphoric effect at low doses (the reason for the term liquid ecstasy), and a sedative effect at higher doses. As a result of this sedation it can cause unconsciousness. When combined with alcohol the increased sedation and risk of vomiting results in a high risk of fatality. Many harm reduction organisations suggest never mixing the two drugs as a result.

There have been news reports of several deaths associated with GBL, usually in combination with alcohol or other depressants.

Addictiveness and dependence of gbl drug

Frequent use of GHB or GBL, even when taken long-term and in moderate doses, does not appear to cause significant physical dependency in the majority of its users. In many people, quitting or temporarily abstaining from use of the drugs is achieved with minimal or no difficulty. However, when consumed in excessive amounts with a high frequency of dosing, physical and psychological dependence can develop. Management of GBL dependence involves considering the person’s age, comorbidity and the pharmacological pathways of GBL.

GHB and GBL users can adopt a ’24/7′ dosing regime. This is where